Foliar Supplementation of Clove Fruit Extract and Salicylic Acid Maintains the Performance and Antioxidant Defense System of Solanum tuberosum L. under Deficient Irrigation Regimes

A field trial was conducted twice (in 2020 and 2021) to evaluate the effect of clove fruit extract (CFE) and/or salicylic acid (SA), which were used as a foliar nourishment, on growth yield traits, well physiological biochemical indices utilizing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants irrigated with deficient regimes in an arid environment. Three drip irrigation [e.g., watering (7400 m3 ha?1), moderate drought (6200 severe (5000 ha?1)] designed for this study. The tested growth, yield, photosynthetic along relative water content, negatively affected, whereas markers oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide superoxide), electrolyte leakage, peroxidation membrane lipids (assessed malondialdehyde level) augmented increased antioxidative defense activities under stress. These effects gradually gradual reduction regime. However, stress, CFE SA significantly enhanced characteristics (fresh dry weight plant shoot leaf area) components (average tuber weight, number tubers, total yield). In addition, attributes (chlorophylls carotenoids contents, net transpiration rates, stomatal conductance) also improved, defensive antioxidant (glutathione, free proline, ascorbate, soluble sugars, ?-tocopherol levels, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) further enhanced. study findings advocate idea using CFE+SA combined treatment, largely efficient ameliorating productivity by attenuating limiting influences environments.